Multiculturalism has been a signature of the Balinese, even long before tourists and local immigrants flooded the island. Although the majority of the population is Hindu, Bali has been home to various ethnicities and religions, creating a rich and harmonious cultural landscape.
What makes Bali a magnet for multiculturalism? How can these communities in Bali live side by side? And what positive impact does it have on their daily life? You’ll find the answer in this article.
Bali Multiculturalism History
The influence of Hinduism, which arrived around the 1st century CE, has left an indelible mark on the island’s art, architecture, and way of life. The majestic temples, vibrant ceremonies, and intricate dance performances are testaments to the deep-rooted Hindu cultural fabric.
Fifteen centuries later, Islam brought a new layer of diversity to Bali. The majority of the Indonesian archipelago embraced Islam during this period, but Bali retained its predominantly Hindu character. The coexistence of these two religions has been marked by mutual respect, with each community maintaining its distinct identity while living side by side.
In the same period, known as the spice trade period, many traders from various cultures such as Europe and China came to the island, bringing Christianity and Buddhism, and had a significant influence on the Balinese culture.
Although most Balinese adhere to Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam are also well accepted on this island.
Religion and Rituals
Multicultural living in Bali is clearly reflected in daily religious life. Although the majority of Bali’s population are Hindus, there are also residents who practice Buddhism, Islam and Christianity.
Balinese people really respect religious differences and openly accept other religious celebrations. Religious processions involving all communities are often held together, creating moments of togetherness and tolerance.
For example, in 2012, Friday prayers for Muslims fell on the same day as the Day of Silence (Nyepi). After a compromise was made, Muslims were permitted to walk to mosques with the assistance of village security (pecalang), but they were not permitted to use vehicles or loudspeakers.
Tradition
The basis of the Hindu religion that developed in Bali forms an inclusive social foundation. Hindus in Bali are known as people who are very open to a diversity of beliefs and cultures. They also neatly practice the teachings of Hinduism in harmony, without imposing their own religious views on other people.
Arts and Culture
Balinese art and culture is another platform that promotes multiculturalism. Dance, music and fine arts in Bali reflect the amalgamation of cultural elements from various origins. For example, the Barong dance combines Hindu and local elements, creating a unique performance that represents cultural diversity. This art performance is a form of appreciation for differences and a medium for building understanding between communities.
Tourism as a Driver of Multiculturalism
Tourism also plays an important role in multicultural living in Bali. With the arrival of various tourists, both domestic and foreign, the island has become a meeting place for various cultures. Tourists bring with them customs, languages and values from various parts of the world, which then blend into the local community. This meeting of various cultures creates close cultural ties and enriches the life experience for all parties involved.
Menyama Braya
Menyama Braya is local wisdom typical of the Balinese people which prioritises social values to expand relations and brotherhood regardless of any differences, whether religion, race or class.
The principle of Mesama Braya offers many benefits for local people and immigrants from other islands or abroad, starting from peace, unity and harmony between people without any differences. There are two other meanings of the Menyama Braya principle that you should know:
- Equality. No matter how high a caste or position we have, we still have to embrace each other and maintain unity and integrity.
- Kinship. In the principle of Menyawa Braya, as a society, we must treat each other like brothers or family.
Positive Economic Impact
Multiculturalism in Bali also has a positive impact economically. Through the meeting and merging of various cultural elements, Bali’s creative industry is growing rapidly. Developing tourism provides employment opportunities for Balinese people, like tour guides, hotel staff, local artisans, and Bali visa agents. This economic improvement contributes to the welfare of society and creates more stable social conditions.
